The BACH study showed that post-micturition symptoms including PMD were indicative of impaired physical and mental health-related quality of life using the Medical Outcomes Study 12-item Short Form Survey (SF-12). In the TAMUS, PMD was the most bothersome LUTS in males aged 30 to 40 years, but not in other age groups. However, from an individual perspective, urge incontinence was the most bothersome symptom. In a population-based study that involved 1,709 males aged 18 to 79 years in Finland, the most prevalent LUTS causing moderate or severe bother was PMD. Furthermore, PMD may be one of the most common LUTS in males. However, it is noted that PMD is not a rare symptom compared with other LUTS. For example, some studies used the DAN-PSS-1, whereas other studies used questionnaires developed by the researchers.
In previous studies, the difference in reported prevalence rates seems to be due to the different definition of PMD and the use of various tools for assessing PMD. In most studies, a positive trend was observed between PMD prevalence and advancing age. In a practice-based study that involved more than 1,500 males aged ≥18 years in Southeast Asia, the prevalence rate was 55.0%. The internet-based epidemiologic study (Epidemiology of LUTS, EpiLUTS), which involved over 14,000 males ≥18 years in three Western countries, reported a prevalence rate of 29.7%. On the other hand, the population-based Tampere Ageing Male Urologic Study (TAMUS), which involved over 7,000 Finnish males aged 30 to 80 years, revealed a PMD prevalence rate of 58.1%. In a Chinese population study, which involved more than 1,500 males aged ≥18 years, the prevalence rate was 9.4%. Another population-based study (Boston Area Community Health study) involving more than 2,300 males aged 30 to 79 years in the United States reported a prevalence rate of 8.7%. In a population-based study (EPIC study) that involved more than 8,000 males aged ≥18 years in five Western countries, the prevalence rate of PMD was 5.5%. However, the HPMDQ has not yet been validated, and further studies are needed to prove its clinical utility. to allow for the assessment of various aspects of PMD, including frequency, severity, bother, quality of life, and response to treatment. Recently, the Hallym Post-Micturition Dribble Questionnaire (HPMDQ) was introduced to assess PMD ( Supplementary material). However, the DAN-PSS-1 questionnaire does not include information on the frequency of PMD or its effect on quality of life, although the severity of symptoms and associated bother can be assessed. Therefore, most studies have used the Danish Prostatic Symptom Score (DAN-PSS-1) or questionnaires developed by researchers to assess PMD. However, PMD cannot be assessed by using the IPSS, because there are no questions concerning PMD on the IPSS. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) is the most widely used tool for the evaluation of LUTS. Terminal dribble is classified as a voiding symptom and is the term used when an individual describes a prolonged final part of micturition when the flow has slowed to a trickle or dribble. PMD is completely distinguishable from terminal dribble. It is classified as a post-micturition symptom, according to the standardization of terminology of LUTS by the International Continence Society. Remember, you are NOT performing a Kegel during urination! These techniques should be performed once the urine stream has ended.The term PMD is used to describe the involuntary loss of urine immediately after an individual finishes passing urine, usually after leaving the toilet in males or after rising from the toilet in females. You may need to try them all before you find the technique that works for you. Once or twice slightly stretch the penis and shake gently. After voiding, do not put penis immediately into trousers.After voiding, perform urethral milking by placing fingers and flat hand under the scrotum and gently push up and forward to the base of the penis.Depending on the strength of the pelvic floor muscles, this may take some time to achieve a satisfactory result. After voiding, contract the pelvic floor muscles (Kegel) 4-5 times to squeeze out urine from the urethra.In addition try these techniques to decrease dribbling after urination due to residual urine trapped inside the urethra: As always, follow the bladder retraining program. Post-Micturition Dribble (Post-Void or Urinary dribble) is a lower urinary tract symptoms that can affect men of all ages particularly after prostate surgery. Post-Void Leaking (leaking after urination).Defecation Dyssynergia/Difficulty with Defecation.Hesitancy/Difficulty Starting Urine Stream.Overactive Bladder (OAB)/Frequency/Urgency.Dyspareunia/Pain with Intercourse or Orgasm.Interstitial Cystitis (IC)/Painful Bladder Syndrome (PBS).
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